🧠 Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is about gathering and analyzing publicly available data to uncover insights.
This guide organizes essential tools and datasets for ethical investigators, researchers, and analysts.
🗂️ Table of Contents
- 🗂️ Table of Contents
- 👥 People Search & Social Media
- 🏢 Business & Company Intelligence
- ⚖️ Government & Legal Records
- ✈️ Aviation & Flight Tracking
- ⚓ Maritime & Vessel Intelligence
- 🚆 Rail & Transport Data
- 🌐 Domains, IPs & Infrastructure
- 📧 Email & Phishing Investigation
- 🧬 Malware Analysis & Threat Intelligence
- 🌑 Dark Web & Data Leaks
- 🔎 Search Engines & Discovery Tools
- 📄 File & Document Search
- 🗃️ Web Archiving & Cache Analysis
- 🛰️ Geospatial & Mapping Intelligence
- 🖼️ Image Analysis & Reverse Search
- 🎬 Video OSINT & Verification
- 📰 News & Media Monitoring
- 📡 Threat Feeds & Intelligence Sources
- 🤖 Automation & Recon Frameworks
- 💡 AI-Powered OSINT Tools
- 🌍 OSINT for Good (NGOs & Ethics)
- 📘 Learning & Research Resources
- 📊 Reporting & Visualization Tools
👥 People Search & Social Media
| Platform | Tool Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BlueSky | Clearsky | Search accounts and view top listed/blocked in last 24h |
| DeckBlue | BlueSky monitoring (like Tweetdeck) | |
| BlueSky Feed Creator | Create your own BlueSky feed | |
| Internect | Resolve handles to DID, show name history & creation date | |
| BlueSky Insights | BlueSky account analytics | |
| BlueSky Directory | Directory of community starter packs | |
| ClubHouse | Clubhouse Tools | Room & club search (limited) |
| Clubhouse DB | Clubhouse user database | |
| Discord | Disboard | Server directory |
| Discord Lookup | Lookup user IDs | |
| Snowsta | Discord snowflake ID OSINT | |
| Guild.xyz | Explore Discord guilds & communities | |
| StalkFace | Extract hidden profile info | |
| Lookup-ID | Get Facebook IDs from URLs | |
| GraphTips | Facebook graph search revival | |
| Social Search Facebook | Search within Facebook | |
| WhoPostedWhat | Graph tools for Facebook | |
| GitHub | React GitHub Notetaker | GitHub username search |
| GitHub Username Search Engine | Search by username | |
| GitHub Trending RSS | RSS feed for trending repos | |
| GitHub Dorking List | Collection of GitHub dorks | |
| Instaloader | Download posts, stories, metadata | |
| OSINTgram | Command-line Instagram OSINT | |
| InstaLooter | Download profile content | |
| Picuki | Instagram web viewer/downloader | |
| StoriesDown | Download Instagram stories anonymously | |
| InstaDP | View & download profile pictures | |
| RocketReach | Email/profile enrichment | |
| SignalHire | Email extraction (freemium) | |
| Hunter.io | Corporate email discovery | |
| PhantomBuster | Automate scraping | |
| SalesQL | LinkedIn lead extraction | |
| Pushshift Reddit Search | Historical Reddit data | |
| Reddit Insight | Analyze profiles & activity | |
| ReSavr | Recover deleted comments | |
| Camas Reddit Investigator | Search Reddit posts/comments | |
| Redective | Reddit search detective | |
| Snapchat | SnapChat Political Ads | Political ad archive |
| SnapChat Explore | Search usernames/tags | |
| Snaplytics | Download profile pics, stories, videos | |
| Telegram | Telegago | Group/channel OSINT |
| TgScan | Search public groups/channels | |
| TGDB | Telegram DB service | |
| Telemetr.io | Telegram analytics | |
| IntelX Telegram | Telegram OSINT search | |
| Telepathy | Extract account info via API | |
| FindThatGroup | Public group directory | |
| Combot | Top Telegram groups | |
| TLGrip | Telegram scraper | |
| Tgstat | Telegram analytics tool | |
| TikTok | TikTok-OSINT | Extract TikTok profile data |
| TikTok-Scraper | Download videos, scrape metadata | |
| Urlebird | View TikTok without login | |
| Exolyt | TikTok analytics (freemium) | |
| VK | VK Watch | Search profiles, posts, videos |
| Bellingcat VK Scraper | Scrape VK profiles/photos | |
| VK ID Lookup | Find VK profiles by ID | |
| Search4Faces | Reverse face search | |
| VK5 | VK analytics tool | |
| YouTube | YTCommentSearch | Search video comments |
| Channel Crawler | Find channels by keyword | |
| Social Blade | Stats for YouTube, Twitch, X | |
| YouTube Metadata | Get metadata of videos | |
| X (Twitter) | Twint | Scrape Twitter without API |
| snscrape | Scrape tweets, profiles | |
| TweetBeaver | Lookup tweets/followers | |
| Twitonomy | Twitter analytics | |
| Bot Sentinel | Detect bot-like accounts | |
| Cross-Platform | Sherlock | Username search 350+ sites |
| WhatsMyName | Fast username enumeration | |
| Epieos | Search by email/phone | |
| Maigret | Profile collection 2000+ sites | |
| Holehe | Check if email exists | |
| Blackbird | Username search engine | |
| UserSearch | Find usernames across networks | |
| Social Media Monitoring | Hootsuite | Social media management |
| Buffer | Social media scheduling | |
| Brandwatch | Social listening & analytics | |
| Audiense | Audience segmentation & analytics |
🏢 Business & Company Intelligence
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Company Databases | CB Insights | Market intelligence and company data (commercial) |
| Craft.co | Company profiles and org intelligence | |
| Crunchbase | Business and startup intelligence (freemium) | |
| OpenCorporates | Global database of company registrations | |
| PitchBook | Private equity and venture capital database (commercial) | |
| PrivCo | Private company financial intelligence (commercial) | |
| Registries and Filings | Australian Business Register | Australian business records (Region: Australia) |
| Canadian Corporations | Canadian business registry (Region: Canada) | |
| Companies House | UK company registry (Region: UK) | |
| European Business Register | European cross-border company data (Region: Europe) | |
| SEC EDGAR | US public company filings (Region: USA) | |
| European National Business Registers | Albania - National Business Center | Albanian business registry |
| Andorra - Oficina de Marques | Andorran business registry | |
| Austria - Company Register (Firmenbuch) | Austrian company register | |
| Belarus - Unified State Register | Belarusian legal entities register | |
| Belgium - Crossroads Bank for Enterprises | Belgian business registry | |
| Belgium - Annual Accounts (NBB) | Belgian annual accounts (National Bank of Belgium) | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina - Financial Information Agency | Bosnian financial information registry | |
| Bulgaria - Commercial Register | Bulgarian commercial registry | |
| Croatia - Trade Court Register | Croatian trade court registry | |
| Cyprus - Department of Registrar | Cypriot company registrar | |
| Czech Republic - Business Register | Czech business registry | |
| Denmark - Central Business Register (CVR) | Danish business registry | |
| Estonia - Centre of Registers | Estonian registers and information systems | |
| Faroe Islands - Company Register | Faroese company registry | |
| Finland - Trade Register | Finnish trade registry | |
| France - Commercial Court Registry | French commercial court registry (Infogreffe) | |
| Germany - Common Register Portal | German federal states’ register portal | |
| Germany - Company Register (Bundesanzeiger) | German company register with annual reports | |
| Gibraltar - Companies House | Gibraltar company registry | |
| Greece - Business Portal | Greek business portal (Athens Chamber) | |
| Greenland - Business Register | Greenlandic business registry | |
| Guernsey - Registry | Guernsey company registry | |
| Hungary - Business Information Service | Hungarian Ministry of Justice business registry | |
| Iceland - Company Register | Icelandic company register (Internal Revenue) | |
| Ireland - Companies Registration Office | Irish company registry | |
| Isle of Man - Companies Registry | Isle of Man company registry | |
| Italy - Business Register | Italian business registry | |
| Jersey - Companies Registry | Jersey company registry (Jersey FSC) | |
| Kosovo - OCCRP Company Register | OCCRP company register dataset for Kosovo | |
| Latvia - Register of Enterprises | Latvian enterprise registry | |
| Liechtenstein - Commercial Register | Liechtenstein commercial registry | |
| Lithuania - Centre of Registers | Lithuanian registers center | |
| Luxembourg - Business Registers | Luxembourg business registry | |
| Malta - Business Registry | Maltese business registry | |
| Moldova - State Register | Moldovan Ministry of Justice state register | |
| Monaco - Trade and Industry Register | Monacan trade and industry registry | |
| Montenegro - Company Register | Montenegrin company registry | |
| Netherlands - Kamer van Koophandel | Dutch chamber of commerce (KVK) | |
| North Macedonia - Central Register | North Macedonian central registry | |
| Norway - Brønnøysund Register | Norwegian register centre | |
| Poland - National Court Register | Polish national court registry | |
| Portugal - Empresa Online | Portuguese online company registry | |
| Romania - National Trade Register | Romanian trade register office | |
| Russia - Business Register | Russian business registry | |
| San Marino - Chamber of Commerce | San Marino chamber of commerce | |
| Serbia - Business Register | Serbian business registry | |
| Slovakia - Business Register | Slovakian Ministry of Justice business registry | |
| Slovenia - AJPES | Slovenian agency for public legal records | |
| Spain - Central Mercantile Register | Spanish mercantile registry | |
| Sweden - Companies Registration Office | Swedish companies registration office | |
| Switzerland - Federal Commercial Registry | Swiss federal commercial registry | |
| Turkey - Union of Chambers | Turkish chambers and commodity exchanges | |
| Ukraine - Unified State Register | Ukrainian state registry | |
| United Kingdom - Companies House | UK company registry | |
| US State Business Registries | Alabama - Secretary of State | Alabama Secretary of State |
| Alaska - Department of Commerce | Alaska Department of Commerce | |
| Arizona - Corporation Commission | Arizona Corporation Commission | |
| Arkansas - Secretary of State | Arkansas Secretary of State | |
| California - Secretary of State | California Secretary of State | |
| Colorado - Secretary of State | Colorado Secretary of State | |
| Connecticut - Secretary of the State | Connecticut Secretary of the State | |
| Delaware - Division of Corporations | Delaware Division of Corporations | |
| Florida - Business Express | Florida Business Express | |
| Georgia - Secretary of State | Georgia Secretary of State | |
| Hawaii - Business Registration | Hawaii Business Registration Division | |
| Idaho - Secretary of State | Idaho Secretary of State | |
| Illinois - Business Portal | Illinois Business Portal | |
| Indiana - Secretary of State | Indiana Secretary of State | |
| Iowa - Secretary of State | Iowa Secretary of State | |
| Kansas - Secretary of State | Kansas Secretary of State | |
| Kentucky - Secretary of State | Kentucky Secretary of State | |
| Louisiana - Secretary of State | Louisiana Secretary of State | |
| Maine - Secretary of State | Maine Secretary of State | |
| Maryland - Dept. of Assessments | Maryland Dept. of Assessments & Taxation | |
| Massachusetts - Secretary of the Commonwealth | Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth | |
| Michigan - Business Portal | Michigan Business Portal | |
| Minnesota - Secretary of State | Minnesota Secretary of State | |
| Mississippi - Secretary of State | Mississippi Secretary of State | |
| Missouri - Secretary of State | Missouri Secretary of State | |
| Montana - Business e-Services | Montana Business e-Services | |
| Nebraska - Business Portal | Nebraska Business Portal | |
| Nevada - Secretary of State | Nevada Secretary of State | |
| New Hampshire - Secretary of State | New Hampshire Secretary of State | |
| New Jersey - Business Gateway | New Jersey Business Gateway Services | |
| New Mexico - Taxation & Revenue | New Mexico Taxation & Revenue | |
| New York - Department of State | New York Department of State | |
| North Carolina - Secretary of State | North Carolina Secretary of State | |
| North Dakota - Secretary of State | North Dakota Secretary of State | |
| Ohio - Business Portal | Ohio Business Portal | |
| Oklahoma - State Portal | Oklahoma State Portal | |
| Oregon - Secretary of State | Oregon Secretary of State | |
| Pennsylvania - State Portal | Pennsylvania State Portal | |
| Rhode Island - Business Portal | Rhode Island Business Portal | |
| South Carolina - Secretary of State | South Carolina Secretary of State | |
| South Dakota - Secretary of State | South Dakota Secretary of State | |
| Tennessee - Secretary of State | Tennessee Secretary of State | |
| Texas - Secretary of State | Texas Secretary of State | |
| Utah - Division of Corporations | Utah Division of Corporations | |
| Vermont - Secretary of State | Vermont Secretary of State | |
| Virginia - State Corporation Commission | Virginia State Corporation Commission | |
| Washington - State Portal | Washington State Portal | |
| West Virginia - Secretary of State | West Virginia Secretary of State | |
| Wisconsin - State Portal | Wisconsin State Portal | |
| Wyoming - Secretary of State | Wyoming Secretary of State | |
| Business Intelligence Platforms | Craft.co | Company profiles and org intelligence |
| D&B Hoovers | Company and sales intelligence (commercial) | |
| Glassdoor | Employee reviews and salary insights | |
| Kompass | Global B2B company directory | |
| Orbis (Bureau van Dijk) | Extensive global company data (commercial) | |
| Corporate Risk and Compliance | OpenSanctions | Database of sanctions and persons of interest |
| Sayari | Global business risk intelligence (commercial) | |
| SEON | Fraud prevention and business risk detection (commercial/freemium) | |
| World-Check (Refinitiv) | Commercial risk intelligence database |
⚖️ Government & Legal Records
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Court and Legal Databases | PACER | US federal court records (paid access) |
| CourtListener | Free access to US legal opinions and filings | |
| Justia | US law and case database | |
| BAILII | British and Irish legal information institute | |
| EUR-Lex | Access to European Union law | |
| CanLII | Canadian case law and statutes | |
| AustLII | Australian legal database | |
| Government Records and Open Data | Data.gov | US government open data portal |
| EU Open Data Portal | European Union open datasets | |
| UK Data Service | UK government open data | |
| World Bank Data | Global development and economic datasets | |
| IMF Data | International Monetary Fund data portal | |
| Official Registers | UN Sanctions List | Consolidated United Nations sanctions |
| Interpol Red Notices | Wanted persons database | |
| OFAC Sanctions List | US Treasury sanctions search | |
| FBI Most Wanted | FBI wanted fugitives list | |
| EU Sanctions Map | Sanctions measures of the EU |
✈️ Aviation & Flight Tracking
| Category | Tool / Resource | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 🛰️ Live Tracking | ADS-B Exchange | Largest unfiltered flight data cooperative |
| Radar.freedar.uk | Virtual radar desktop view | |
| Flightradar24 | Real-time flight tracking | |
| FlightAware | Live flight data and analytics | |
| LiveATC | Listen to live air traffic control | |
| 🕰️ Historical Flight Data | ADS-B Exchange Historical | Archived flight data |
| GVA Dictator Alert | Track dictator aircraft in Geneva | |
| Planespotters | Civil aviation spotting and aircraft registry | |
| Airfighters | Military aircraft database with photos | |
| LocalizaTodo | Real-time vessel and aircraft tracking | |
| FlightConnections | Interactive airline route maps | |
| NATO/US Military Tracker | Military aircraft tracker | |
| 🛩️ Aircraft Databases | OpenSky Aircraft DB | Registered aircraft database |
| JetPhotos | Aircraft spotter photos and database | |
| OpenSky Explorer | Live ADS-B based flight explorer | |
| 🌐 Extra Flight Tracking & Data | ADS-B Exchange Global Radar | Unfiltered cooperative flight radar |
| RadarBox24 | Real-time flight tracking and analytics | |
| Casper Flights | Historical and live flight tracking | |
| FlightStats | Global flight status and airport information | |
| FlightView | Flight tracking and airport delays | |
| FlightWise | Flight tracking and planning service | |
| FlightArrivals | Arrival and departure information | |
| Flightradar.live | Live flight tracker alternative | |
| 🛫 Extra Aviation Databases | Airframes.org | Aircraft registration and ownership info |
| AirlineCodes | Airline and airport codes reference | |
| Airport Code Search | Airport code lookup | |
| Airliners.net | Aviation photo archive and community | |
| AirNav Airports | Detailed information on airports | |
| Aviation Edge Airport Database | API for global airport and airline data | |
| Aviation StackExchange | Q&A community for aviation | |
| Aviation Safety Network | Global aviation safety database | |
| Drone Incidents | Drone incident and safety reports | |
| Aircraft Registration Prefixes | List of aircraft registration country prefixes | |
| 📦 Cargo & Drone Research | CargoTracking Utopiax | Cargo and flight tracking |
| Drone Center Database | Bard Center drone database | |
| Drone Research Lab | Research on drones and unmanned aerial systems | |
| CNAS Drone Project | Drone wars and policy project |
⚓ Maritime & Vessel Intelligence
| Category | Tool / Resource | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 🛳️ Vessel Ownership & ID Records | Equasis | Vessel ownership and identification records |
| Maritime Database | Ship database and ownership info | |
| 🌍 Global Ship Tracking & AIS | MarineTraffic | Global ship tracking intelligence (AIS) |
| VesselFinder | Ship positions and real-time AIS data | |
| VesselTracker | Vessel and port tracking service | |
| MyShipTracking | Live AIS vessel tracker | |
| ShipAIS | AIS ship tracking | |
| ShipFinder | Vessel tracking | |
| ShipFinder.co | Alternative ship tracking site | |
| Shipping Explorer | Vessel positions and port data | |
| ShipSpotting | Vessel photography and community | |
| CruiseMapper | Cruise ship tracker and itineraries | |
| Cruisin.me Tracker | Cruise ship tracking tool | |
| 🧭 Specialized AIS & Regional Tools | BoatNerd AIS | AIS tracking (Great Lakes focus) |
| eships.net | AIS ship tracking service | |
| Maritime Connector | Maritime jobs and company directory | |
| AIS SK2HG | AIS tracking site | |
| Digimap Guernsey AIS | AIS Explorer for Guernsey waters | |
| HELCOM AIS Explorer | Baltic Sea shipping traffic | |
| Marine Scotland AIS | Scottish shipping AIS data | |
| AIS Tracker Russia | AIS tracker (Russia) | |
| Gloucester Harbour Trustees | Local ship positions | |
| 📦 Cargo & Container Tracking | CargoTracking Utopiax | Container tracking portal |
| Container-Tracking.org | Container tracking across carriers | |
| ShipmentLink | Carrier-specific cargo tracking | |
| ShipIt UK | Container tracking service | |
| 🎣 Fishing & Monitoring | Global Fishing Watch | Fishing vessel tracking and monitoring |
| ⚔️ Naval & Defense | Naval Technology | Naval industry news and projects |
| Janes | Defence and security intelligence | |
| ⚓ Ports & Marine Info | Ports.com | Port information and distance calculator |
| InfoMarine24 | Shipping and marine news | |
| 🛥️ Yachts & Luxury Vessels | SuperYachts.com | Superyacht news and database |
🚆 Rail & Transport Data
| Category | Tool / Resource | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 🗺️ Global & Regional Railway Maps | Global Railway Map Reference | Open worldwide railway infrastructure map |
| TRAVIC Visualization | Real-time public transport visualization | |
| Swiss Railways Network | Swiss railway map and live tracking | |
| Slovakia Rail Map | Live rail map of Slovakia | |
| Dutch Railway Map | Map of Dutch railway lines | |
| 🚉 Live Train Tracking | Zugradar | Live Austrian train radar |
| Belgian Train Map | Real-time Belgian train positions | |
| VR Trains Finland | Live map of trains in Finland | |
| SNCF Train Geolocation | Real-time SNCF train locations | |
| MÁV-START Hungary | Live Hungarian railway map | |
| OVzoeker NL | Real-time Dutch train tracking | |
| PKP Portal Pasażera | Polish rail passenger map | |
| UK Train Map (traintimes.org.uk) | UK real-time train map | |
| Trainradar Track-Trace | Global train radar tracker | |
| Raildar France | Real-time train positions in France | |
| 🚆 Railway Data & Infrastructure | Rail Delivery Group Data | UK rail industry data portal |
| Railway Technology Company A-Z | Directory of global railway companies | |
| Data.gov Railroad Datasets | US government railroad data | |
| BC Canada Railway Track Dataset | Canadian railway dataset | |
| US DOT Railroads | US Department of Transportation railroad information | |
| 🚄 Realtime & National Networks | Realtime Trains UK | Live UK train status and schedules |
| Interrail Country Trains | Info on trains by European country | |
| Transport Scotland Public Transport | Scottish public transport and railway data | |
| 📹 Rail Media & Community | Rail Webcams | Live webcams from railway stations worldwide |
🌐 Domains, IPs & Infrastructure
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Website | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Registries & Whois | Whois | Basic Whois lookup |
| ICANN Whois | Official ICANN Whois | |
| ARIN | North America IP registry | |
| RIPE | Europe, Russia, Middle East IP registry | |
| APNIC | Asia-Pacific IP registry | |
| LACNIC | Latin America & Caribbean IP registry | |
| AFRINIC | Africa IP registry | |
| Apnic WhoWas | Historical Asia-Pacific domains | |
| SIDN | Netherlands domain registry | |
| Eurid | .EU domain registry | |
| Domain Intelligence | DomainTools | Domain research platform |
| DomainIQ | Domain intelligence and history | |
| Completedns | DNS history database | |
| WhoisRequest | Domain ownership history lookup | |
| DomainBigData | Domain ownership and historical data | |
| SecurityTrails | DNS and infrastructure data | |
| Robtex | Infrastructure graph explorer | |
| Certificates & DNS | CertDB | Historical SSL certificates |
| crt.sh | Certificate Transparency logs | |
| PassiveDNS (Mnemonic) | Historical DNS resolution | |
| DNSDumpster | DNS mapping & reconnaissance | |
| DNSlytics | DNS, IP, and ASN intelligence | |
| ViewDNS | Multi-tool for DNS & Whois lookups | |
| Technology Fingerprinting | BuiltWith | Website technology profiler |
| Wappalyzer | Detect CMS, frameworks & technologies | |
| Netcraft | Site reports & hosting analysis | |
| Online Nikto Scanner | Identify vulnerabilities & misconfigurations | |
| SpyOnWeb | Shared analytics & advertising IDs | |
| VisualSiteMapper | Website relation mapping | |
| IP Tools | IPVoid | IP lookup & blacklist checks |
| GeoIP Tool | Approximate IP geolocation | |
| CentralOps | Network lookup toolkit | |
| Network-Tools | Classic network OSINT (legacy) | |
| Online Port Scanner | Active scanning & OSINT for target hosts | |
| I Know What You Download | Torrent history by IP | |
| Domain Age & History | CarbonDate | Estimate when a domain was created |
| Webotheek.nl | Dutch .nl domain research | |
| Timer4Web | Detect changes & analytics IDs | |
| Whois EasyCounter | Historical Whois & ownership details | |
| WhyNoHTTPS | Database of sites without HTTPS | |
| Website Relationship & Similarity | SimilarSites | Find similar or related sites |
| SitesLike | Discover alternative sites & competitors |
📧 Email & Phishing Investigation
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Website | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Email Breach & Reputation | Have I Been Pwned | Search if an email appears in known data breaches |
| DeHashed | Breach and credential search | |
| EmailRep.io | Email reputation and risk scoring | |
| Hunter.io | Discover corporate email patterns and addresses | |
| Email Analysis | MX Toolbox | Email header analyzer and MX tools |
| mailtester.com | Check if an email address is valid and deliverable | |
| VerifyEmail | Verify the validity of an email address | |
| URL & Phishing Kit Analysis | urlscan.io | Sandbox and visualize web requests from a URL |
| URLquery | Analyze suspicious URLs and detect malicious behavior | |
| PhishTank | Community-driven phishing URL database | |
| OpenPhish | Automated phishing feed | |
| StalkPhish | Identify phishing kits and reused infrastructures | |
| IOC & Threat Intelligence Integration | Maltiverse | IOC enrichment and threat intelligence search |
| ThreatMiner | IOC and malware sample data mining | |
| ThreatCrowd | Investigate domains, IPs, and emails via visual graphs |
🧬 Malware Analysis & Threat Intelligence
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Malware Analysis Platforms | VirusTotal | Multi-engine malware scanner with IOC and sandbox integrations |
| Hybrid Analysis | Dynamic malware analysis showing behavior and network calls | |
| ANY.RUN | Interactive sandbox for live malware execution | |
| Cuckoo Sandbox | Open-source automated malware analysis system | |
| Intezer Analyze | Code-reuse and malware lineage analysis | |
| Joe Sandbox | Advanced commercial sandbox environment | |
| MalwareBazaar | Repository of malware samples and hashes | |
| Malware Analysis Tools | Remnux | Linux distribution for reverse engineering and malware analysis |
| YARA | Pattern-matching engine for malware detection | |
| PEStudio | Windows executable analyzer for metadata and indicators | |
| Capa | Detects capabilities and functionality in executable files | |
| Die (Detect It Easy) | PE analysis tool for structure, entropy, and packers | |
| Reverse Engineering & Disassembly | Ghidra | Open-source reverse engineering suite by the NSA |
| IDA Free | Disassembler and debugger with visual graph analysis | |
| Binary Ninja | Modern and scriptable reverse engineering platform | |
| x64dbg | Open-source Windows debugger for malware analysis | |
| Network & Behavior Analysis | Wireshark | Network packet capture and protocol analyzer |
| Procmon | Monitor file, registry, and process activity in real-time | |
| ApateDNS | DNS redirection tool for malware network simulation | |
| FakeNet-NG | Network emulation for capturing malware traffic | |
| Malware Feeds & Repositories | Malpedia | Structured database of malware families and samples |
| VX Underground | Archive of malware source code and research papers | |
| URLhaus | Community-submitted database of malicious URLs | |
| Feodo Tracker | Tracks C2 servers of banking trojans and botnets | |
| MalShare | Public malware repository with daily updates | |
| Threat Intelligence Platforms | MISP | Open-source platform for sharing threat intelligence and IOCs |
| OpenCTI | Knowledge graph for threat intelligence management | |
| YETI | Framework for storing and correlating threat data | |
| ThreatConnect | Commercial CTI platform with analytics and automation | |
| EclecticIQ Platform | Enterprise-grade CTI management and analysis | |
| IOC Enrichment & Internet Scanners | SilentPush | Track, monitor, and counteract global threat activity |
| Validin | Explore and track threats across public infrastructure | |
| ThreatMiner | Data mining for IOCs, malware, SSL, and artifacts | |
| ThreatCrowd | Correlates domains, IPs, hashes, and emails | |
| Abuse.ch | Home to ThreatFox, Feodo Tracker, and SSLBL | |
| GreyNoise | Contextual intelligence on internet-scanning IPs | |
| AlienVault OTX | Community threat intelligence platform | |
| Maltiverse | IOC enrichment with classification and context | |
| Shodan | Internet-wide search for exposed systems | |
| Censys | Search engine for internet infrastructure and certificates | |
| BinaryEdge | Internet scanning and asset discovery for threat analysis | |
| CriminalIP | Attack surface and exposure analysis | |
| FOFA | Cyber asset search engine (popular in China) | |
| Censys Workshop | Censys experimental tools for researchers |
🌑 Dark Web & Data Leaks
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Website | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Email Breach & Reputation | Have I Been Pwned | Search if an email appears in known data breaches |
| DeHashed | Breach and credential search | |
| EmailRep.io | Email reputation and risk scoring | |
| Hunter.io | Discover corporate email patterns and addresses | |
| Email Analysis | MX Toolbox | Email header analyzer and MX tools |
| mailtester.com | Check if an email address is valid and deliverable | |
| VerifyEmail | Verify the validity of an email address | |
| URL & Phishing Kit Analysis | urlscan.io | Sandbox and visualize web requests from a URL |
| URLquery | Analyze suspicious URLs and detect malicious behavior | |
| PhishTank | Community-driven phishing URL database | |
| OpenPhish | Automated phishing feed | |
| StalkPhish | Identify phishing kits and reused infrastructures | |
| IOC & Threat Intelligence Integration | Maltiverse | IOC enrichment and threat intelligence search |
| ThreatMiner | IOC and malware sample data mining | |
| ThreatCrowd | Investigate domains, IPs, and emails via visual graphs |
🔎 Search Engines & Discovery Tools
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| General Search Engines | The most widely used web search engine | |
| Bing | Microsoft’s search engine | |
| DuckDuckGo | Privacy-focused search engine | |
| Startpage | Google results with enhanced privacy | |
| Yahoo Search | Web search with integrated news and content | |
| Yandex | Russian search engine with strong image search | |
| Baidu | Leading Chinese search engine | |
| Swisscows | Family-friendly, privacy-based search | |
| Qwant | European privacy-focused search engine | |
| Brave Search | Independent index, privacy-first search | |
| Mojeek | Independent UK crawler-based search | |
| MetaGer | German metasearch engine with anonymization | |
| Ecosia | Eco-friendly search engine that funds tree planting | |
| Marginalia | Alternative search engine for the “small web” | |
| Ask.com | General-purpose legacy search engine | |
| Lycos | One of the earliest internet search and portal sites | |
| Search.com | Meta search across engines | |
| All-in-One Search | Multi-engine meta search | |
| AllTheInternet | Web and multimedia meta search | |
| Etools | Swiss metasearch engine | |
| FaganFinder | Advanced metasearch utilities | |
| iZito | European metasearch engine | |
| MyAllSearch | Multi-source meta search | |
| WebCleaner | Search top internet search engines from one page | |
| Academic and Research Search | Google Scholar | Scholarly literature and academic papers |
| Litmaps | Visual literature discovery and citation network | |
| Semantic Scholar | AI-powered academic and research paper search | |
| BASE | Bielefeld Academic Search Engine for scholarly resources | |
| CORE | Millions of open access research papers | |
| WorldCat | Global library catalog of books and research material | |
| Advanced Search and Dorking | Google Hacking Database (GHDB) | Community-curated Google dorks for OSINT |
| Pentest-Tools Google Hacking | Automate Google dorking for reconnaissance | |
| Boolean Strings | Build advanced boolean queries for OSINT | |
| Google Advanced Search | GUI-based Google advanced search form | |
| Google Search Operators | Official operator reference | |
| Yandex Advanced Operators | Yandex search operator reference | |
| Bing Search Operators | Bing operator reference | |
| DuckDuckGo Syntax | Search syntax and operators | |
| Baidu Advanced Search | Baidu operator and search guide | |
| Specialized Search Engines | Social Mention | Real-time social media search |
| Social Searcher | Monitor mentions across social media | |
| Google Social Search | Google-powered social media search | |
| Carrot2 | Clustered search results visualization | |
| DocJax | Document search engine | |
| PublicWWW | Search source code and analytics IDs | |
| osint.sh | Search exposed cloud buckets | |
| GrayHatWarfare | Public S3 bucket search | |
| I Search From | Simulate Google searches from specific locations or devices | |
| MAC.lc | MAC address vendor lookup | |
| Media Search Tool | Adverse media OSINT search | |
| Shodan | Search engine for internet-connected devices | |
| Censys | Search infrastructure and SSL certificates | |
| FOFA | Internet-wide cyber asset search engine | |
| ZoomEye | IoT and cyberspace search engine | |
| Thingful | Search for IoT devices | |
| LeakIX | Search exposed services and databases | |
| Netlas.io | Internet-wide search and analytics engine | |
| Million Short | Search engine that omits top popular sites | |
| IsLegitSite | Check if a website is legitimate or a scam |
📄 File & Document Search
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Document & Slide Search | Find-pdf-doc | Search engine for PDF and DOC files |
| SlideShare | Platform for finding and sharing presentations and slides | |
| Scribd | Repository for books, documents, and academic resources | |
| File & Open Directory Search | Eyedex | Open directory file search engine |
| FilePursuit | Search engine for files and open directories | |
| Filesec.io | Directory and file search engine focused on infosec content | |
| Meawfy | Mega.nz public file search engine | |
| Paste & Text Storage | 0bin | Encrypted pastebin for sharing text securely |
| Cryptobin | Secure encrypted text storage and sharing | |
| Defuse | Pastebin with optional encryption features |
🗃️ Web Archiving & Cache Analysis
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Web Archives | Wayback Machine | The largest web archive for historic snapshots |
| Archive.today | On-demand webpage snapshots, bypasses paywalls | |
| Ghostarchive | Archive YouTube and social media posts | |
| Memento Time Travel | Aggregate snapshots from multiple archives | |
| Perma.cc | Permanent archiving for academic and legal citations | |
| WebCite | Citeable web archiving service (legacy, limited availability) | |
| Cached Pages and Mirrors | CachedView | View cached versions from Google and Wayback |
| CoralCDN Web Cache | Access cached copies of popular websites | |
| Google Cache | View cached versions of web pages (via “cache:” operator) | |
| Bing Cache | Cached pages accessible via search results | |
| Social Media and Multimedia Archiving | SavePageNow (Wayback) | Force snapshot into Wayback Machine |
| yt-dlp | Download and archive YouTube videos | |
| archivebox | Self-hosted webpage archiving solution | |
| SingleFile | Browser extension to save complete pages as a single HTML |
🛰️ Geospatial & Mapping Intelligence
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Satellite Imagery | Google Earth | Global 3D imagery and satellite data |
| Google Earth Pro | Desktop version with advanced tools | |
| Sentinel Hub | Access free Sentinel satellite imagery | |
| Sentinel Playground | Explore Sentinel imagery interactively | |
| EO Browser | Browser-based access to Sentinel imagery | |
| NASA Worldview | Daily global satellite data | |
| USGS EarthExplorer | Access historical satellite imagery | |
| ESA Copernicus Open Access | Sentinel mission data access | |
| NOAA Satellite Data | US environmental satellite imagery | |
| Satellites.pro | Online satellite maps viewer | |
| Mapbox Near-Time Imagery | Near real-time satellite maps | |
| GIS Geography: 25 Satellite Maps | Guide to alternative satellite maps | |
| Wayback Imagery | Historic satellite imagery archive | |
| Maxar Discovery | High-resolution imagery archive | |
| Soar.Earth | User-uploaded and satellite imagery platform | |
| Mapping and Street-level | Google Maps | Standard mapping and geolocation platform |
| Google Street View | Ground-level panoramas worldwide | |
| Mapillary | Crowdsourced street-level imagery | |
| OpenStreetMap | Community-driven world map | |
| Open Infra Map | View of the world’s infrastructure mapped in OSM | |
| Bing Maps | Microsoft’s mapping solution | |
| HERE WeGo | Mapping and routing platform | |
| Wikimapia | Collaborative map with user-added info | |
| GoKML | Online KML maps | |
| Satellite and Aerial Tracking | Space-Track.org | US Space Command satellite data |
| N2YO | Real-time satellite tracking | |
| Heavens Above | Satellite, ISS, and astronomy tracking | |
| SatNOGS | Open-source satellite ground station network | |
| Celestrak | Orbital data for satellites and debris | |
| In-The-Sky Satellite Maps | Interactive orbital maps | |
| Geospatial Analysis Tools | SunCalc | Calculate sun position and shadows for a given time |
| PeakFinder | Identify mountains and terrain from coordinates | |
| GeoNames | Geographical names database | |
| QGIS | Open-source desktop GIS application | |
| ArcGIS Online | Cloud-based mapping and spatial analysis | |
| Gephi | Visualization and spatial network analysis |
🖼️ Image Analysis & Reverse Search
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Reverse Image Search Engines | Google Images | Reverse image search and visual similarity |
| Yandex Images | Powerful reverse search, especially for faces and objects | |
| TinEye | Reverse image search with focus on older content | |
| Bing Visual Search | Reverse image search from Microsoft | |
| Karma Decay | Reverse search for Reddit images | |
| Metadata Extraction | ExifTool | Extract EXIF and metadata from images |
| Jeffrey’s Exif Viewer | Online EXIF metadata viewer | |
| Exif.regex | Alternative online EXIF viewer | |
| Image Forensics | Forensically | Online forensic suite for images |
| FotoForensics | Error Level Analysis and image authenticity tools | |
| Image Edited? | Quick analysis of digital image edits | |
| IZITRU | Authenticate photo originality (legacy, limited availability) | |
| Facial Recognition and Search | PimEyes | Face search engine (commercial) |
| Betaface | Face recognition demo | |
| FindClone | Russian facial recognition search engine |
🎬 Video OSINT & Verification
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Video Verification | InVID/WeVerify | Browser plugin for video verification and analysis |
| YouTube DataViewer | Extract video metadata and upload time | |
| Amnesty YouTube Metadata Tool | Archive and metadata extraction | |
| Video Download and Archiving | yt-dlp | Download and archive YouTube and other videos |
| 4K Video Downloader | Cross-platform video downloader (freemium) | |
| SaveFrom.net | Quick video download service | |
| Streaming and Broadcast Analysis | TwitchTracker | Analytics and tracking for Twitch channels |
| Streamscharts | Track statistics of live streams | |
| Facebook Video Insights | Analytics for Facebook video content | |
| Deepfake and Manipulated Media Detection | Deepware Scanner | Tool to detect deepfakes in videos |
| Sensity AI | Commercial solution for deepfake and visual threat detection |
📰 News & Media Monitoring
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| News Aggregators | Google News | Aggregated news across global sources |
| Yahoo News | Mainstream news aggregation and coverage | |
| Euronews | European and international news service | |
| AllSides | News aggregation with political bias rating | |
| NewsNow | Breaking news aggregation by region and topic | |
| Media Search Engines | GDELT Project | Global database of events, language, and tone in news media |
| Media Cloud | Research tool for analyzing online news | |
| Event Registry | AI-driven news aggregation and analysis | |
| AYLIEN News API | News search and analysis API (freemium) | |
| Bloomberg | Business and global news (commercial) | |
| Reuters | International newswire service | |
| Adverse and Risk-focused Media | Adverse Media Search | Search for adverse media reports on entities |
| Dow Jones Risk & Compliance | Adverse media and watchlists (commercial) | |
| LexisNexis Newsdesk | Professional news and risk intelligence platform | |
| Broadcast and Live Monitoring | LiveNewsNow | Live streaming of news channels |
| EarthCam | Live webcams from around the world | |
| NewsLookUp | News search engine with live feeds and archive | |
| Social Media & Trend Tracking | CrowdTangle | Facebook and Instagram content monitoring (restricted access) |
| BuzzSumo | Content monitoring and social trend analysis (freemium) | |
| Talkwalker Alerts | Google Alerts alternative for media and web mentions | |
| Mention | Monitor mentions across news and social media (freemium) |
📡 Threat Feeds & Intelligence Sources
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Community Threat Feeds | ThreatFox | Community-driven IOC feed |
| URLhaus | Malicious URL tracker | |
| Feodo Tracker | Banking trojan command and control trackers | |
| MalwareBazaar | Malware sample and hash sharing platform | |
| AlienVault OTX | Open threat exchange community | |
| Commercial and Specialized Feeds | Spamhaus | Blocklists for IPs, domains, and spam sources |
| AbuseIPDB | Community-reported IP abuse database | |
| CIRCL OSINT Feeds | Public OSINT-based threat feeds from Luxembourg | |
| Abuse.ch SSLBL | SSL certificate blocklist for malicious infrastructure | |
| PhishTank | Community phishing URL repository (overlaps phishing but also feed source) | |
| OpenPhish | Automated phishing intelligence feed | |
| Attack Surface and Internet Scanning | GreyNoise | Contextual intelligence for internet scanners |
| Shodan Alerts | Monitor exposure of internet-connected assets | |
| Censys Search and Data | Enriched dataset of hosts and certificates |
🤖 Automation & Recon Frameworks
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Recon Frameworks | SpiderFoot | Automated reconnaissance with 200+ modules |
| Recon-ng | Open-source recon framework | |
| Maltego | Link analysis and visualization platform | |
| OSRFramework | Username, email, and phone recon | |
| theHarvester | Harvest emails, hosts, subdomains | |
| datasploit | OSINT automation toolset | |
| Browser Extensions and Utilities | Mitaka | IOC investigation from the browser |
| Shodan Plugin | Shodan search extension | |
| Wappalyzer Extension | Detect web technologies directly in browser | |
| Metadata and Document Analysis | Metagoofil | Metadata extraction from public documents |
| FOCA | Document metadata collection and analysis | |
| Bulk Extractor | Forensic tool for extracting digital artifacts | |
| Self-hosted and Modular Platforms | Cortex | Observable analysis and enrichment framework |
| OpenCTI | Threat intelligence platform with enrichment modules | |
| IntelOwl | API-driven threat intel and OSINT automation | |
| Kali Linux | Linux distribution with OSINT and recon tools included |
💡 AI-Powered OSINT Tools
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| AI Search and Analysis | Perplexity | AI-powered search engine with cited sources |
| Andi Search | Conversational search engine with AI answers | |
| Phind | AI search engine specialized in technical topics | |
| AI for Media and Verification | Sensity AI | Detect deepfakes and manipulated visual media |
| Hugging Face Spaces | Community-driven AI models for NLP, vision, and OSINT tasks | |
| Additional AI-Powered OSINT Tools | Trace Labs | Crowdsourced OSINT platform using AI for missing persons investigations |
| Bellingcat’s Online Investigation Toolkit | AI-enhanced tools and guides for open-source investigations | |
| OSINT Framework | Curated collection of AI-supported OSINT tools and resources |
🌍 OSINT for Good (NGOs & Ethics)
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Child Protection and Exploitation Prevention | NCMEC | US National Center for Missing and Exploited Children |
| Europol Trace an Object | Crowdsource identification of child abuse materials | |
| NCPTF | National Child Protection Task Force | |
| FBI ECAP | FBI Endangered Child Alert Program | |
| Trace Labs | Crowdsourced OSINT for missing persons | |
| Anti-Trafficking and Human Rights | Innocent Lives Foundation | Identify perpetrators of child exploitation |
| StopTheTraffik | Global initiative to disrupt human trafficking | |
| ATII | Anti-Human Trafficking Intelligence Initiative | |
| BADASS Army | Fight against non-consensual image sharing | |
| Amnesty Citizen Evidence Lab | Tools and resources for human rights verification | |
| Crisis Mapping and Volunteer Intel | Humanity Road | Crisis response and disaster mapping |
| CrisisMapping Network | Community for humanitarian crisis mapping | |
| InformNapalm | Volunteer intelligence about conflicts and disinformation | |
| Locate International | Cold case review and investigation through OSINT |
📘 Learning & Research Resources
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Guides and Books | Open Source Intelligence Techniques (Michael Bazzell) | Comprehensive OSINT book and toolkit |
| Bellingcat OSINT Guides | Investigative journalism and OSINT techniques | |
| OSINT Techniques (Sector035’s Curated Lists) | Weekly curated OSINT links and guides | |
| Handbook of Collective Intelligence | Research and methodology (academic) | |
| Training and Communities | DataExpert | Great European based academy on OSINT, Cybercrime and Cryptocurrency investigations |
| OSINT Dojo | Free structured learning path for OSINT | |
| OSINT Curious | Blog, podcast, and tutorials (archived but valuable) | |
| Trace Labs OSINT VM & CTFs | Virtual machines and OSINT competitions | |
| Quiztime | Daily OSINT challenges on Twitter/X | |
| I-Intelligence | Great European Based Academy on OSINT, Analysis and more | |
| Bellingcat Workshops | Paid training on open source investigations | |
| Kase Scenarios | Immersive free and paid OSINT scenarios to learn and train skills | |
| Blogs | SecJuice | Articles on OSINT, infosec, and cyber investigations |
| NoHat | OSINT and cybersecurity research blog | |
| SANS OSINT Blog | Professional OSINT articles | |
| Podcasts CTI | CyberWire Daily | Cybersecurity news and OSINT-adjacent podcast |
| Microsoft Threat Intelligence Podcast | Podcast by Microsoft about threat intelligence, APTs, malware, and actor tradecraft | |
| Adversary Universe | Podcast by CrowdStrike exploring global threat actors and intrusion operations | |
| Intel 471 Podcasts | Podcast by Intel 471 covering threat actor profiling, cybercrime intelligence, and dark web insights | |
| Talking Threat Intelligence | Podcast by Recorded Future about building and using cyber threat intelligence programs | |
| CTG’s Threat Intelligence enduresPodcast | Podcast by The Counterterrorism Group discussing CTI, terrorism, and global risks | |
| Cyber Threat Intelligence Podcast | Independent podcast discussing modern CTI frameworks, detection, and mitigation | |
| Darknet Diaries | Podcast by Jack Rhysider featuring true stories from the dark side of the internet and cyber operations | |
| Beers with Talos | Podcast by Cisco Talos discussing incident response, threat research, and security trends | |
| Podcasts OSINT | From The Source | OSINT podcast interviewing professionals by BlackDot Solutions |
| The Pivot | OSINT podcast interviewing professionals by Maltego | |
| NeedleStack | Podcast by Authentic8 about OSINT techniques, online investigations, and research tools | |
| Open Secret | Podcast by OSINT Combine covering open source investigations, intelligence ethics, and analysis workflows | |
| The OSINTion Podcast | Podcast by The OSINTion focusing on OSINT tradecraft, investigations, and analyst development | |
| OSINT with ShadowDragon | Podcast by ShadowDragon about OSINT tooling, digital footprints, and real-world investigations | |
| The World of Intelligence | Podcast by Janes about open-source intelligence, defense analysis, and global security trends | |
| General Academic Search | Google Scholar | Academic literature search |
| Semantic Scholar | AI-powered academic research engine | |
| BASE | Bielefeld Academic Search Engine for scholarly documents | |
| CORE | Global aggregator of open access research papers | |
| WorldCat | Global library catalog | |
| Scientific & Technical | PubMed | Biomedical and life sciences literature |
| arXiv | Open-access preprints in science, math, and computer science | |
| IEEE Xplore | Technical literature in engineering and computer science | |
| ScienceDirect | Scientific publications and journals (commercial) | |
| SpringerLink | Academic books and journals (commercial/freemium) | |
| Research Tools | Litmaps | Visualize citation networks |
| ResearchGate | Academic social network and research sharing | |
| Academia.edu | Platform for academic paper sharing | |
| OpenAIRE | Open access research aggregator | |
| Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) | Index of peer-reviewed open-access journals |
📊 Reporting & Visualization Tools
| 🧩 Category | 🔗 Tool / Platform | 📝 Description |
|---|---|---|
| Investigation Case Management | Aleph (OCCRP) | Investigative data and case management platform |
| Maltego Basic | Free spiritual successor of CaseFile, link analysis and case organization tool (freemium) | |
| Obsidian | Obsidian stores notes privately on your device, so you can access them quickly, even offline (freemium) | |
| Capturing tools & Web Scraping | Data Miner | Data Miner is a Chromium Extension that helps you crawl and scrape data from web pages and into a CSV file or Excel spreadsheet (freemium) |
| Forensic OSINT | OSINT web capture software (commercial) | |
| Hunchly | Web capture and investigation case management for OSINT (commercial) | |
| OctoParse | No-coding solution for web scraping to turn pages into structured data within clicks (commercial) | |
| Ubikron | Ubikron tracks, enriches, and connects every step of your research, using AI to reveal patterns and keep your investigation moving forward (freemium) | |
| Network and Relationship Mapping | BlackDot Videris | Intelligence platform for OSINT investigations (commercial) |
| Gephi | Open-source visualization for graphs and networks (free) | |
| i2 Analyst’s Notebook | Commercial link and intelligence analysis (commercial) | |
| Kumu | Relationship mapping and dynamic visualization platform (freemium) | |
| Maltego | OG - one of the best graphical link analysis platforms out there (commercial and free) | |
| Palantir Gotham | Enterprise platform for investigations and intelligence (commercial) | |
| ShadowDragon | OSINT Software Platform for investigation through PAI data collection, link analysis and monitoring (commercial) |